Effects Of Practices Research Articles

The Framework of Construction Workers Safety: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Safety Practices in Construction Industry

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the multifaceted approach to safety and health management practices within the construction industry, with the ultimate goal of delineating their impact on reducing workplace incidents and enhancing overall safety culture. In order to achieve this goal, a mixed-methods research design is employed, which combines quantitative data from structured surveys across a diverse sample of construction sites with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and case studies. The findings of the analysis reveal a significant correlation between the frequency and comprehensiveness of safety training programs and a reduction in incident rates. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced safety technologies and equipment, coupled with a strong organizational safety culture, is found to be a pivotal factor in improving safety outcomes. The study also highlights the importance of customizing safety practices to the unique needs of different construction projects to optimize effectiveness.

Recent Findings on Spawning Patterns and Recommendations for the Fishery Management of the Southern Red Snapper—Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866)—On the Amazon Continental Shelf of Brazil

The southern red snapper, Lutjanus purpureus, is one of the primary fishery resources of the Amazon continental shelf. Due to the demand for specimens of less than 900 g in weight, increased fishing effort focusing on this size class has led to a drastic decrease in catches. The present study was based on the analysis of cellular structures in the female gonads (formation of oocytes and other reproductive tissues) to identify reproductive processes and evaluate the effectiveness of current fishery management practices. The presence of postovulatory follicles (POFs) peaked in April, which was interpreted as a period of intense spawning. In addition to POFs, hydrated oocytes peaked in July, indicating either reproductive continuity or a second peak, based on the presence of atretic oocytes and atresia. Given that the local snapper fishery preferentially targets very young individuals, an extension of the closed season from March to July would be recommendable to guarantee the reproductive potential of the spawning stock.

Smart Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation: A 6G-IoT Perspective

Smart farming has emerged as a promising approach to address the agriculture industry’s significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effectiveness of current smart farming practices in mitigating GHG emissions remains a matter of ongoing debate. This review paper provides an in-depth examination of the current state of GHG emissions in smart farming, highlighting the limitations of existing practices in reducing GHG emissions and introducing innovative strategies that leverage the advanced capabilities of 6G-enabled IoT (6G-IoT). By enabling precise resource management, facilitating emission source identification and mitigation, and enhancing advanced emission reduction techniques, 6G-IoT integration offers a transformative solution for managing GHG emissions in agriculture. However, while smart agriculture focuses on technological applications for immediate efficiency gains, it also serves as a crucial component of sustainable agriculture by providing the tools necessary for long-term environmental supervision and resource sustainability. As a result, this study also contributes to sustainable agriculture by providing insights and guiding future advancements in smart farming, particularly in the context of 6G-IoT, to develop more effective GHG mitigation strategies for smart farming applications, promoting a more sustainable agricultural future.

Residual Effect of Nitrogen and Weed Management Practices in Maize on Succeeding Groundnut

Background: Cereal-legume cropping system is considered to be one of the better alternatives for sustaining soil fertility and increasing the yield. At present maize-groundnut cropping system is gaining importance under both rainfed and irrigated situations. Maize, being an exhaustive and weed-sensitive crop, is supplied with large doses of fertilizers and new herbicide molecules.Since maize is exhaustive and weed sensitive crop, there was a usage of excessive fertilizers and new herbicides. There is a need to assess the carry over effect of fertilizers and new generation herbicides in leguminous crops like groundnut. Methods: The experiment was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on sandy loam soils of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh. Maize hybrid DHM -117 was sown and maintained with general cultivation practices except for nitrogen and weed management methods was raised after harvest of maize in undisturbed layout to study the residual effect of different nitrogen and weed management practices imposed in maize. Result: Residual effect of nitrogen and weed management practices imposed in preceding maize did not exert any significant influence on germination percentage, phytotoxicity and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) values but efficacy of herbicide residue found to be significant with weed management practices. Growth parameters, yield attributes pod yield, haulm yield and economics were higher in groundnut with brown manuring, which was however, in parity with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of topramezone 30 g ha-1 and pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of tembotrione 120 g ha-1 and lower with unweeded check and it was remained in parity with application of parthenium water extract15 lha-1 twice at 15 and 30 DAS, application of sunflower water extract 15 lha-1 twice at 15 and 30 DAS, pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of parthenium water extract 15 lha-1 and pre emergence application of atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 fb post emergence application of sunflower water extract 15 lha-1 in the order of ascent. None of their interaction effects were found to be significant during both the years of study and in pooled mean.

Swimming against the current: the positive effects of counter-cultural HR practices on the calculative/collaborative HR practices–firm performance relationship

PurposeThis paper investigates the effect of counter-cultural human resources (CCHR) practices on firm performance. Specifically, it investigates the impact of national culture [future orientation (FO), in-group collectivism (I-GC), performance orientation (PO), power distance (PD) and uncertainty avoidance (UA)] on the calculative and collaborative HR practice–firm performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from the CRANET and GLOBE studies to conduct a multi-level analysis of the impact of national culture on the calculative/collaborative HR–firm performance relationship.FindingsIt finds support for both the CCHR and societal-culture fit (SCF) perspectives of national culture, with FO and I-GC supporting the CCHR perspective and the other culture dimensions aligning more closely with SCF.Originality/valueThese findings empirically validate that CCHR practices can help supplement behaviors lacking in the cultural environment in which organizations operate.

An assessment of Organic and Conventional Farming Practices for Yield, Pest Management and Soil Health

This study contrasts and compares conventional and organic farming. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness and impact of each practice before deciding on the best crop-growing approach. Despite their agricultural systems can be categorized as conventional or sustainable depending on the techniques employed. Organic farming which cultivates a range of crops without the use of synthetic manures, the agricultural method that is most sustainable. While producing enough food, organic farming improves soil composition and supports biodiversity by relying on ecosystem services. The review compares the long-term effects of conventional and alternative organic farming practices on yield in which in short term organic yields were found to be 19.2% lower than conventional yield while in long term yields were lower in conventional systems by 31% and 50%, respectively, due to the long-term improvement in soil health. In soil health point of view long term practices of organic farming improves physical, chemical and biological properties of soil by increase soil carbon stock by 12 %, more nutrient release and microbial activity. Pest management is effectively controlled by crop rotation, increase beneficial population of pest in organic farming which reduce the dependency on chemical pesticides and maintain the sustainability of soil health and ecology. As a result, organic farming methods are being evaluated in a large number of research worldwide as an alternative due to their better physical, chemical and biological qualities than conventional farming methods.

Toward green production practices: empirical evidence from Thai manufacturers' technical efficiency

PurposeThe development of green manufacturing has become essential to achieve sustainable development and modernize the nation’s manufacturing and production capacity without increasing nonrenewable resource consumption and pollution. This study investigates the effect of green industrial practices on technical efficiency for Thai manufacturers.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) and inefficiency effects model, as pioneered by Battese and Coelli (1995).FindingsThis study shows that, on average, Thai manufacturing firms have experienced declining returns-to-scale production and relatively low technical efficiency. However, it is estimated that Thai manufacturing firms with a green commitment obtained the highest technical efficiency, followed by those with green activity, green systems and green culture levels, compared to those without any commitment to green manufacturing practices. Finally, internationalization and skill development can significantly improve technical efficiency.Practical implicationsGreen industry policy mixes will be vital for driving structural reforms toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable economic system. Furthermore, circular economy processes can promote firms' production efficiency and resource use.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effect of green industry practices on the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing enterprises. This study also encompasses analyses of the roles of internationalization, innovation and skill development.

Machine Learning-Based Causality Analysis of Human Resource Practices on Firm Performance

An organization’s human resource management practices are essential for its competitive advantage. This study specifically examined human resource (HR) practices that predict corporate performance (employee turnover and firm sales) based on a backpropagation neural network (BPN)-based causality analysis. This study aims to test how to optimize human resource practices to improve organizational performance. This study elucidated the effect of HR practices and organizational-level factors on predicting employee turnover and firm sales. The BPN-based causality analysis revealed the relative importance of explanatory variables on firm performance. To test the model, it employed the Human Capital Corporate Panel open data on Korean companies’ HR practices and other characteristics. The analysis identifies causal relationships between specific HR practices and firm performance. The results show that compensation-related HR practices are most influential in predicting firm sales and employee turnover. Moreover, training-related HR practices were modest, and talent acquisition and performance management practices had relatively weak effects on the two outcomes. The study provides insights into how human resource practices can be optimized to improve firm performance and enhance organizational effectiveness. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of research on the use of machine learning in HR management and suggest practical implications for managers’ insights to optimize HR practices.

CULTURAL NORMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL ENDEAVORS: PERSPECTIVES FROM BANGLADESH

This paper explores the effect of traditional practices and cultural norms on entrepreneurship and business success in Bangladesh. Using a constructive survey questionnaire, data was collected from 172 businesspersons. Factor analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings highlight that traditional family structures, gender roles, social hierarchies and traditional business networks significantly influence entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. These factors can either enable or hinder entrepreneurial activities, access to resources and funding, and decision-making processes. The study also identifies challenges faced by entrepreneurs because of traditional practices and cultural norms, such as limited resources for female entrepreneurs and barriers to fair competition. Based on the findings, implications are drawn for policy development, programming within educational institutions and entrepreneurial practice.

Dynamic assessment of the abatement effects of the low-carbon practices in the prefabricated building supply chain

PurposePrefabricated buildings (PBs) have proven to effectively mitigate carbon emissions in the construction industry. Existing studies have analyzed the environmental performance of PBs considering the shift in construction methods, ignoring the emissions abatement effects of the low-carbon practices adopted by participants in the prefabricated building supply chain (PBSC). Thus, it is challenging to exploit the environmental advantages of PBs. To further reveal the carbon reduction potential of PBs and assist participants in making low-carbon practice strategy decisions, this paper constructs a system dynamics (SD) model to explore the performance of PBSC in low-carbon practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the SD approach to integrate the complex dynamic relationship between variables and explicitly considers the environmental and economic impacts of PBSC to explore the carbon emission reduction effects of low-carbon practices by enterprises under environmental policies from the supply chain perspective.FindingsResults show that with the advance of prefabrication level, the carbon emissions from production and transportation processes increase, and the total carbon emissions of PBSC show an upward trend. Low-carbon practices of rational transportation route planning and carbon-reduction energy investment can effectively reduce carbon emissions with negative economic impacts on transportation enterprises. The application of sustainable materials in low-carbon practices is both economically and environmentally friendly. In addition, carbon tax does not always promote the implementation of low-carbon practices, and the improvement of enterprises' environmental awareness can further strengthen the effect of low-carbon practices.Originality/valueThis study dynamically assesses the carbon reduction effects of low-carbon practices in PBSC, informing the low-carbon decision-making of participants in building construction projects and guiding the government to formulate environmental policies.

The Effect of Workplace Spirituality and HRM Practices on Job Performancethe Mediating and Moderating Approach

Providing the vital roles of nurses in defining the sustainability of the healthcare system, nursing performance is recognized to be significant in providing quality care of patients. However, job performance reported in Pakistani public hospitals over the past few years has been deteriorated. There have been numerous researches about factors that affect job performance like HRM practices, spirituality at work and employee engagement. So, in this regard, leadership desires to change the behavior to engage the nurses in improving performance. The current study examines the direct effect of HRM practices and spirituality at work on job performance and on the employee engagement. The indirect mediating effect of employee engagement is examined on the associations and the moderating effect of change leadership between employee engagement and job performance is also examined. Purposive sampling was used to collect the data. There were 390 practical data from fifteen public hospitals in Pakistan were applied for further data analysis. The software PLS-SEM was applied to measure the structural model. Further the bootstrapping supported on the effect of inner life and employee participation and career development on employee engagement and on job performance is significant. In addition, the study found the partial mediating effect of employee engagement between inner life and career development on job performance is significant. The moderating effect of change leadership between employee engagement and job performance is also significant. The empirical implication showed that HRM practices and spirituality at work confines the negative effect of shortage of nurses and also increasing nursing job performance of nurses and providing better working atmosphere. However, there is no need to any intervention from the top management to modify the nursing behaviors. Future research could increase on the scope of the study.

To be, or not to be in formalization: the relationship between HR practices and work engagement in the aviation industry

Purpose This study aims to examine the moderating role of formalization in the relationship between human resources (HR) practices and work engagement (WE) in aviation industry employees. The research revealed the moderator role of formalization, which is still one of the most critical components for aviation industry workers. Design/methodology/approach In the study, the authors used the survey method. In this explanatory and cross-sectional study, the authors examined a data set collected from aviation industry employees (n = 226) in Turkey using the partial least squares (PLS) method and tried to moderate the formalization. The authors analyzed the moderator role of formalization in the relationship between HR practices and WE with SmartPLS 3.0 and HAYES Process Macro. Findings The results of the study explain the effect of HR practices on WE in the context of social exchange theory through formalization. Findings show that formalization is an essential factor in HR practices’ resulting in higher WE. Research limitations/implications The study is cross-sectional. Research participants participated in the study voluntarily. This situation, in turn, may lead to a social desirability bias in participants' self-reported responses. To avoid this, the authors have prepared a standardized measurement tool. Again, since the authors do not request the names and institutions of the participants, confidentiality and anonymity are provided. Practical implications Research findings offer implications for companies and employees in developing economies, especially in the aviation sector. It refers to the necessity for companies aiming for a sustainable strategic position in the competitive aviation sector to attach importance to HR practices that will enable them to see their employees as a competitive advantage. In addition, the results emphasize the need for aviation industry companies to adopt an approach that considers both practices that can increase WE and formalization procedures that can affect employee behavior. Originality/value This research provides a comprehensive understanding to examine the interrelationships between HR, formalization and WE in the context of the mechanism of social change in the context of aviation industry workers. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other researcher has holistically addressed these links in general, particularly in a developing country. The findings significantly enrich the literature on HR practices and WE, particularly in the context of a developing country.

The effect of job satisfaction and moonlighting intentions with mediating and moderating effects of commitment and HR practices an empirical study

Moonlighting as a practice, the limelight was gained during the COVID-19 pandemic due to remote work involving flexible work, which saved employees’ commuting time to the office and has become a potential source of income for individuals seeking other jobs. The authors examined the phenomenon of moonlighting by assessing the relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and moonlighting intentions. The authors also examined the mediating effects of employee organizational commitment and economic intentions and the moderating role of human resource practices on the relationship between job satisfaction and moonlighting intentions. The data were gathered for five reflective constructs of this empirical study—job satisfaction, organizational commitment, human resources practices, economic intentions, and moonlighting intentions—by surveying IT-enabled industry employees in Hyderabad. The data from 311 valid responses were subjected to structural equation modeling analysis using IBM AMOS version 28. The model-fit indices from SEM analysis indicate excellent model fit. The structural model from SEM analysis reveals that 50% of the variance in moonlighting is accounted for by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The factor of job satisfaction is statistically significant and influences the moonlighting intentions of employees in IT-enabled industries. Job satisfaction has a positive impact on organizational commitment, and when organizational commitment increases, moonlighting intentions decrease. Organizational commitment partially mediates moonlighting intentions through job satisfaction. The study also assessed the moderating role of human resource practices on the relationship between job satisfaction and moonlighting intentions. The moderation analysis results reveal statistically significant and positive moderating effects of human resource practices on intentions to moonlight through job satisfaction. The slope analysis indicated that human resource practices strengthen the positive relationship between job satisfaction and moonlighting.

Effect of Tillage and Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

A field experiment was conducted during 2023 at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, to find out the effect of different tillage management [Minimum tillage (primary tillage only) and Conventional tillage (primary and secondary tillage)] and five weed control treatments [(PE Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg ha-1, PE Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (pre-mix) - Valor 32% EC 1.0 kg ha-1, Hand weeding on 15 and 30 DAS, Weed free plot and Un weeded control (weedy check)] on weeds and productivity of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) during the winter (Rabi). Conventional tillage generally led to taller plants and higher leaf counts compared to minimum tillage, while effective weed management practices, particularly the combination of Pendimethalin and Imazethapyr, resulted in superior growth indices. Additionally, conventional tillage and weed-free conditions significantly enhanced dry matter production and yield parameters of green gram.

Integrating Practical Skills Into Multimodal Transportation Education In Indonesia

This research explores the integration of practical skills into multimodal transportation education in Indonesia. Through qualitative analysis of 50 Indonesian cadets, the study examines the balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application, the effectiveness of current educational practices, and recommendations for improvement. The findings reveal a strong consensus among cadets on the importance of practical skills alongside theoretical knowledge. While some practical training is provided, there is a need for more hands-on experiences and industry exposure. Recommendations include revising curricula to include more practical exercises and case studies, strengthening industry partnerships, enhancing instructor skills, integrating soft skills development, and promoting lifelong learning. These recommendations aim to better prepare students for the demands of the transportation industry and enhance their employability. By implementing these recommendations, educational institutions can bridge the gap between theory and practice, ultimately improving the quality and relevance of transportation education in Indonesia.

Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits as covariates of malocclusion in the primary dentition among Tanzanian children: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Studies on the effect of feeding practices and sucking habits on malocclusion traits in the primary dentition of pre-schoolchildren from developing countries are scarce. Purpose: Assessing the association of feeding and sucking habits with malocclusion traits, and the association of malocclusion traits with observed oral functional problems. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey of children aged 3-5 years residing in Kinondoni and Temeke Districts of Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, SPSS version 21.0. Univariate analysis was applied to generate frequencies of different variables. Cross tabulations and Chi-square statistics were used to assess bivariate relationships and multivariate analyses were performed by multiple logistic regression. Results:  Most pre-schoolchildren (82.5%) were breastfed for less than two years. A history of non-nutritive sucking habits was reported in 28.1% of the children, mostly in boys than girls (33.6% versus 21.8%, respectively. The current non-nutritive sucking habits were reported in 17.8% of the participants. Overall, malocclusion traits were most significantly seen in children who were breastfed for less than two years, compared with those who were breastfed for two years or more (48.5% versus 27.3%, respectively). The presence of various malocclusion traits was significantly found among most of the children who had a history of non-nutritive sucking habits, compared with those who had never performed the habits (65.9% versus 38.6 %, respectively). In the logistic regression analyses, children who were breastfed for a shorter duration (<2 years), their probability of being found with different traits of malocclusion in the primary dentition was almost three times that for those who were breastfed for a longer duration (≥ two years). Also, children who were not actively performing non-nutritive sucking habits were less likely to have an open bite compared with those who were actively performing non-nutritive sucking habits. An open bite in children was significantly associated with speech problems (p<0.01) and swallowing with tongue thrusting (p=0.000). Conclusion and recommendations: Most of the children who were breastfed for a shorter duration and children who had non-nutritive sucking habits were found with various malocclusion, compared with those who were breastfed for a longer duration and those who had no non-nutritive sucking habits. It is crucial to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and continuation of breastfeeding practice, possibly for up to 2 years of age due to its nutritional, immunological, and stomato-gnathic system developmental benefits.  

Exploring the impact of green supply chain strategies and sustainable practices on circular supply chains

Purpose The study attempts to explore the effectiveness of green supply chain strategies (GSCS) and sustainable practices (SP) in achieving a circular supply chain (CSC) within a business-to-business (B2B) context. The study further investigates the moderating role of green innovation (GIN) on the relationship between GSCS and SP.Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model was developed by adopting constructs from the existing studies. A self-administered tool was created, and data were gathered from supply chain (SC) specialists in the food, energy, tire, textile and paper industries. The structural equation model was employed to test the hypothesis, analyzing 243 responses obtained.Findings The findings indicate an affirmative association between GSCS, SP and the achievement of CSC, with SP acting as a partial mediator between GSCS and CSC. Results show that GSCS and SP are crucial for transitioning toward a circular model in the SC, emphasizing resource regeneration and sustainability. The data from our sample suggest that GIN significantly moderates the relationship between GSCS and CSC. These insights underline the importance of green strategies and sustainable practices (SP) in fostering CSCs in a B2B setting. The study’s implications are significant for SC management, suggesting that firms must integrate green and SP to achieve circularity and long-term viability.Originality/value This article brings forward a distinctive perspective on sustainability within the field of SC management emphasizing the crucial need for implementing CSC and GSCS in a B2B context.

Landscape of practices of educational activities and youth policy in universities (based on the experience of holding a review-competition of the best practices in the implementation of youth policy and organization of educational activities at the university)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essential characteristics of educational practices and youth policy in educational institutions of higher education in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze a large data set, which included a description of 581 practices obtained during the Review-Competition of the best practices in educational activities and youth policy, organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in 2022. The article characterizes the target, content, technological, subjective profile of educational practices and youth policy. The authors come to the conclusion that universities have emerged as an integrative subject of educational activities and youth policy. The analysis made it possible to record several significant characteristics that determine the modern landscape of education in universities: an imbalance of the target group of practices (dominated by junior undergraduate students); closedness of the university system of educational work; the dominance of the organizers of educational work in the subjective profile of practices; insufficient technologization of practices; insufficient development of mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of educational practices. The identified characteristics and barriers can become the basis for continuing the discussion about promising directions for the development of education in universities. In addition, the characteristics identified in the competition can become the basis for the introduction of effective educational formats, in accordance with the state request, the characteristics of the university environment and the student’s request.

Effect of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Pests Incidence of Scented Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rainfed Situation of Assam

The field experiment was conducted in organic block on experimental farm of AAU-Assam Rice Research Institute, Assam Agricultural University, Titabar, Assam during kharif season of 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of organic nutrient management practices on growth, yield and pests incidence of scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rainfed situation of Assam. Eight treatment combinations of organic inputs were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications including one control where no organic nutrients were added. The study revealed that combined application of different proportion of green manure, enriched compost, azolla, vermicompost, neem cake with bio fertilizer consortium and rock phosphate as different treatment significantly improved the growth behavior, yield and also reduced pests incidence of scented rice. Among the organic nutrient management treatments, combination of Green manure (2.5 t/ha)+ Vermicompost (2.5 t/ha)+ Biofertilizer consortium (4 kg/ha seedling) as root dip +Rock phosphate (17 kg/ha)+Azolla (20 kg/ha) recorded the highest yield (3.80 t/ha) by improving yield attributing parameters, viz., Panicles (276.3 /m2), Spikelet /panicle (25.50 number) and Panicle weight (3.37g). The organic treatments also significantly enhanced the growth physiology viz., leaf area index (4.32), and specific leaf weight (8.56 mg/cm2) at panicle initiation stage (90 DAT). In organic management treatments, pests and disease incidence significantly reduced compared to control plot. Highest reduction of dead heart (DH%) and white ear head (WEH%) infestation due to stem borer, gall midge (silver shoot) and leaf folder damage was noticed in the treatment combination of Green manure (2.5 t/ha) + Vermicompost ( 2.5 t/ha)+ Biofertilizer consortium (4 kg/ha seedling) as root dip+Rock phosphate (17 kg/ha)+Azolla (20 kg/ha).

Effects of agricultural land management practices on crop production and household income in Ojoje, southern Ethiopia

Farmers in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries often implement various agricultural land management (ALM) practices to mitigate the negative impact of land degradation, increase crop yield, improve income, and safeguard the security of food. Despite the widespread use of these measures, their effect on crop productivity and related income has received relatively little attention in research, particularly in the context of mixed farming systems. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ALM practices on crop production and household income in southern Ethiopia. Data was gathered from 423 sampled respondents, which included adopters and non-adopters of ALM practices. This study adopted multistage sampling to gather the data through a survey questionnaire. This study’s findings reveal that ALM strategies have a considerable impact on crop productivity and the incomes of farm households (p<0.05). Moreover, the adoption of integrated physical and biological intervention practices for longer durations resulted in a steady increase in both crop productivity and household incomes. Furthermore, analysis of the effect of long-term treatment indicates that farms show a significant and increasing marginal benefit to production after six years of intervention. These findings imply that integrating ALM practices and maintaining them for an extended period (i.e., 10 years) will help to increase crop productivity and household incomes. Hence, adopting a wider range of physical and biological ALM measures and ensuring their continual adoption are key strategies for improving crop production and increasing household income. This strategy will have significant policy implications and provide a solid foundation for sustainable agricultural development.